Lybarger Language Lab

Publications

Selected Publications

Book Chapters

  1. K. Lybarger, Ö. Uzuner, G. K. Ramachandran, H. R. A. Elyazori, M. S. Irbaz, and A. H. M. R. Karim. Natural Language Processing of Clinical Data. In Springer Handbook of Data Engineering. Springer, 2025.
  2. A. Dmonte, Y. Wang, P. Nakov, H. Li, X. Han, M. Zampieri, K. Lybarger, M. Albanese, and T. Baldwin. Creating Frameworks and Datasets at the Intersection of AI Safety and Elections. In PROMISE - PROMoting aI's Safe usage for Elections, pages 115-145. Springer, 2025. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-89853-2.

Journal Papers

Published

  1. M. Albanese, X. Ou, K. Lybarger, D. Lende, D. Goldgof, F. Al Faisal, K. Banstola, and A. Ghosh. Towards AI-Driven Human-Machine Co-Teaming for Adaptive and Agile Cyber Security Operation Centers. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 2026. doi: 10.1145/3819819.
  2. N. Park, F. Ahmed, K. Lybarger, E. Breinhorst, J. Hu, O. Uzuner, M. Gunn, and M. Yetisgen. Automated Identification of Incidentalomas Requiring Follow-Up: A Multi-Anatomy Evaluation of LLM-Based and Supervised Approaches. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 179:105048, 2026. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105048.
  3. A. B. Kayira†, H. R. A. Elyazori†, K. Lybarger, F. Walter, C. Chelala, and G. Funston. Natural Language Processing of Clinical Notes for Cancer Research and Patient Care Prior to Widespread Adoption of Generative AI: Scoping Review. JMIR AI, 5:e73481, 2026. doi: 10.2196/73481.
  4. S. Khan and K. Lybarger. Efficient Information Extraction Using LLMs and Knowledge Distillation: A Study on HPV Health Communication. PLOS Digital Health, 5(3):e0001275, 2026. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0001275.
  5. V. Cardenas, K. Lybarger, and F. Alemi. Bias in AI-guided Management of Patients with Major Depressive Disorders. Journal of Health Equity, 3(1):2606724, 2026. doi: 10.1080/29944694.2025.2606724.
  6. F. Alemi, K. Lybarger, J. Vang, Y. Lin, H. R. A. Elyazori, and V. F. Cardenas. Causal Networks Guiding Large Language Models: Application to COVID-19. Health Care Management Science, 28:575-582, 2025. doi: 10.1007/s10729-025-09724-8.
  7. Q. S. Zhang, J. Kang, K. Lybarger, M. C. Glenn, P. Sponseller, K. H. Blau, and E. Ford. Semi-automated topic identification for radiation oncology safety event reports using natural language processing and statistical modeling. Medical Physics, 52(8):e17936, 2025. doi: 10.1002/mp.17936.
  8. J. Tauscher, X. Ding, S. L. Kopelovich, A. Nagendra, K. Lybarger, T. A. Cohen, and D. Ben-Zeev. Automated Flagging of Cognitive Biases in the Spoken Language of People with Hallucination Experiences. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 2025. doi: 10.1007/s41347-025-00551-w.
  9. S. J. Xie, C. Spice, P. Wedgeworth, R. Langevin, K. Lybarger, A. Singh, B. R. Wood, J. W. Klein, G. Hsieh, H. C. Duber, and A. L. Hartzler. Patient and clinician acceptability of automated extraction of social drivers of health from clinical notes in primary care. Journal American Medical Informatics Association, 32(5):855-865, 2025. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaf046.
  10. F. Alemi, J. Wojtusiak, A. Ursani, K. P. Eklou, and K. Lybarger. Artificial Intelligence for Management of Major Depression: Initial Design, Progress, and Research Plans. Alpha Psychiatry, 26(4):44608, 2025. doi: 10.31083/AP44608.
  11. A. Chakraborty, K. Lybarger, J. Estebane, J. Chen, M. Patel, V. O'Reilly-Shah, P. Tarczy-Hornoch, M. Yetisgen, and D. Long. Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for the Identification of Surgical Site Infection in Electronic Health Records. Surgical Infections, 26(7):474-481, 2025. doi: 10.1089/sur.2024.266.
  12. M. M. Rahman, M. S. Irbaz, K. North, M. S. Williams, M. Zampieri, and K. Lybarger. Health text simplification: An annotated corpus for digestive cancer education and novel strategies for reinforcement learning. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 158:104727, 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104727.
  13. Y. V. Fu, G. K. Ramachandran, A. Halwani, B. T. McInnes, F. Xia, K. Lybarger, M. Yetisgen, and Ö. Uzuner. CACER: Clinical concept annotations for cancer events and relations. Journal American Medical Informatics Association, 31(11):2583-2594, 2024. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocae231. [free-access link].
  14. N. A. Sathe, S. Xian, F. L. Mabrey, D. R. Crosslin, S. D. Mooney, E. D. Morrell, K. Lybarger, M. Yetisgen, G. P. Jarvik, P. K. Bhatraju, et al. Evaluating construct validity of computable acute respiratory distress syndrome definitions in adults hospitalized with COVID-19: an electronic health records based approach. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 23(1):1-10, 2023. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02560-y.
  15. A. L. Hartzler, S. J. Xie, P. Wedgeworth, C. Spice, K. Lybarger, et al. Integrating patient voices into the automatic extraction of social determinants of health from clinical records: Ethical considerations and recommendations. Journal American Medical Informatics Association, 30(8):1456-1462, 2023. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocad043. [free-access link].
  16. K. Lybarger†, N. J. Dobbins†, R. Long, A. Singh, P. Wedgeworth, Ö. Uzuner, and M. Yetisgen. Leveraging Natural Language Processing to Augment Structured Social Determinants of Health Data in the Electronic Health Record. Journal American Medical Informatics Association, 30(8):1389-1397, 2023. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocad073. (†authors contributed equally)
  17. K. Lybarger, M. Yetisgen, and Ö. Uzuner. The 2022 n2c2/UW shared task on extracting social determinants of health. Journal American Medical Informatics Association, 30(8):1367-1378, 2023. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocad012. [free-access link].
  18. G. K. Ramachandran, K. Lybarger, Y. Liu, D. Mahajan, J. J. Liang, et al. Extracting Medication Changes in Clinical Narratives using Pre-trained Language Models. Journal Biomedical Informatics, 139:104302, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104302.
  19. M. G. Prado, L. G. Kessler, M. A. Au, H. A. Burkhardt, M. Z. Suchsland, et al. Symptoms and signs of lung cancer prior to diagnosis: case-control study using electronic health records from ambulatory care within a large US-based tertiary care centre. BMJ Open, 13(4), 2023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068832.
  20. M. Zigman Suchsland, L. Kowalski, H. A. Burkhardt, M. G. Prado, L. G. Kessler, et al. How Timely Is Diagnosis of Lung Cancer? Cohort Study of Individuals with Lung Cancer Presenting in Ambulatory Care in the United States. Cancers, 14(23), 2022. doi: 10.3390/cancers14235756.
  21. W. Lau, K. Lybarger, M. Gunn, and M. Yetisgen. Event-based clinical findings extraction from radiology reports with pre-trained language model. Journal Digital Imaging, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s10278-022-00717-5.
  22. J. S. Tauscher, K. Lybarger, X. Ding, A. Chander, W. J. Hudenko, et al. Automated Detection of Cognitive Distortions in Text Exchanges Between Clinicians and People With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatric Services, 2022. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100692.
  23. K. Lybarger, M. Ostendorf, M. Thompson, and M. Yetisgen. Extracting COVID-19 Diagnoses and Symptoms From Clinical Text: A New Annotated Corpus and Neural Event Extraction Framework. Journal Biomedical Informatics, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103761.
  24. K. Lybarger, M. Ostendorf, and M. Yetisgen. Annotating Social Determinants of Health Using Active Learning, and Characterizing Determinants Using Neural Event Extraction. Journal Biomedical Informatics, 113:103631, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103631.
  25. K. Lybarger, M. Ostendorf, E. Riskin, T. Payne, A. White, et al. Asynchronous speech recognition affects physician editing of notes. Applied Clinical Informatics, 9(4):782-790, 2018. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1673417.
  26. T. Payne, D. Alonso, A. Markiel, K. Lybarger, R. Lordon, et al. Using voice to create inpatient progress notes: effects on note timeliness, quality, and physician satisfaction. Journal American Medical Informatics Association Open, 1(2):218-226, 2018. doi: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy036.
  27. T. Payne, D. Alonso, A. Markiel, K. Lybarger, and A. White. Using voice to create hospital progress notes: description of a mobile application and supporting system integrated with a commercial electronic health record. Journal Biomedical Informatics, 77:91-96, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.12.004.

Under Review

  1. F. Alemi, Y. Lin, H. R. A. Elyazori, V. F. Cardenas, N. Ramezani, and K. Lybarger. Causal AI Reasoning: Direct Effects Multiplicative Inference Algorithm. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2026. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.6537875.
  2. Y. Lin, S. Mansouri, V. Cardenas, K. R. Resapu, M. T. R. Shawon, K. P. Eklou, A. Ursani, K. Lybarger, and F. Alemi. Potential Outcome of AI's Advice for Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. npj Digital Public Health, 2026.
  3. M. T. R. Shawon, M. S. Irbaz, H. R. A. Elyazori, K. R. Resapu, Y. Lin, V. F. Cardenas, F. Alemi, and K. Lybarger. Advancing AI Trustworthiness Through Patient Simulation: Risk Assessment of Conversational Agents for Antidepressant Selection. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare, 2026.
  4. F. Alemi, K. Resapu, K. Lybarger, and V. Cardenas. Data-Driven Selection of Antidepressants: External Validation of Predictive AI Models. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2025.
  5. F. Alemi, A. Fard, M. Richardson, H. Raybin, K. Lybarger, G. L. Kreps, P. Nambisan, and Y. Leykin. Passive Methods of Monitoring Suicide Risk in AI Conversations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2025.

Conference Papers

Published

  1. S. Khan, S. Hong, J. Wu, K. Lybarger, Y. Yin, E. Babinsky, and D. Liu. DF-RAG: Query-Aware Diversity for Retrieval-Augmented Generation. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL, pages 2873-2894, 2026. link.
  2. N. Park, G. K. Ramachandran, K. Lybarger, F. Xia, Ö. Uzuner, M. Yetisgen, and M. Gunn. Identifying Imaging Follow-Up in Radiology Reports: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional ML and LLM Approaches. In Proceedings of Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation, 2026.
  3. M. M. Rahman and K. Lybarger. Evaluating Health Question Answering Under Readability-Controlled Style Perturbations. In Proceedings of Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility and Readability (TSAR), pages 70-86, 2025. doi: 10.18653/v1/2025.tsar-1.5.
  4. H. R. A. Elyazori, R. Abdulrazzaq, H. Al Shawi, I. P. E. Amouzou, P. King, S. Manns, M. Popal, Z. N. Patel, S. DeStefano, J. Shah, N. L. Gerber, S. Sikdar, S. Lee, S. Acuna, and K. Lybarger. Capturing Patients' Lived Experiences with Chronic Pain through Motivational Interviewing and Information Extraction. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Health (CL4Health) at NAACL, 2025. doi: 10.18653/v1/2025.cl4health-1.28.
  5. Y. V. Fu, G. K. Ramachandran, N. Park, K. Lybarger, F. Xia, O. Uzuner, and M. Yetisgen. BioMistral-NLU: Towards More Generalizable Medical Language Understanding through Instruction Tuning. In AMIA Informatics Summit, 2024.
  6. A. Dmonte, M. Zampieri, K. Lybarger, M. Albanese, and G. Coulter. Classifying Human-Generated and AI-Generated Election Claims in Social Media. In Proceedings of International Conference on Security and Cryptography, pages 237-248, 2024. doi: 10.5220/0012797900003767.
  7. Y. Fu, G. K. Ramachandran, N. J. Dobbins, N. Park, M. Leu, A. R. Rosenberg, K. Lybarger, F. Xia, Ö. Uzuner, and M. Yetisgen. Extracting Social Determinants of Health from Pediatric Patient Notes Using Large Language Models: Novel Corpus and Methods. In Proceedings of Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation, pages 7045-7056, 2024. link. Outstanding Paper Award
  8. N. Park†, K. Lybarger†, G. K. Ramachandran, S. Lewis, A. Damani, Ö. Uzuner, M. Gunn, and M. Yetisgen. A Novel Corpus of Annotated Medical Imaging Reports and Information Extraction Results Using Large Language Models. In Proceedings of Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation, pages 1280-1292, 2024. link (†authors contributed equally)
  9. B. Han, H. Zhu, S. Zhou, S. Ahmed, M. M. Rahman, F. Xia, and K. Lybarger. HuskyScribe at MEDIQA-Sum 2023: Summarizing Clinical Dialogues with Transformers. In Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, 2023. link.
  10. G. K. Ramachandran, Y. Fu, B. Han, K. Lybarger, N. J. Dobbins, Ö. Uzuner, and M. Yetisgen. Prompt-based Extraction of Social Determinants of Health Using Few-shot Learning. In ACL Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop, 2023. link.
  11. S. Zhou, K. Lybarger, M. Yetisgen, and M. Ostendorf. Generalizing through Forgetting - Domain Generalization for Symptom Event Extraction in Clinical Notes. In AMIA Informatics Summit, 2023. PMID: 37350923.
  12. G. K. Ramachandran, H. Gangavarapu, K. Lybarger, and Ö. Uzuner. MasonNLP+ at SemEval-2023 Task 8: Extracting Medical Questions, Experiences and Claims from Social Media using Knowledge-Augmented Pre-trained Language Models. In International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, 2023. doi: 10.18653/v1/2023.semeval-1.296.
  13. K. Lybarger, J. S. Tauscher, X. Ding, D. Ben-Zeev, and T. Cohen. Identifying Distorted Thinking in Patient-Therapist Text Message Exchanges by Leveraging Dynamic Multi-Turn Context. In Proceedings on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology, pages 126-136, 2022. doi: 10.18653/v1/2022.clpsych-1.11.
  14. X. Ding, K. Lybarger, J. Tauscher, and T. Cohen. Improving Classification of Infrequent Cognitive Distortions: Domain-Specific Model vs. Data Augmentation. In Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, pages 68-75, 2022. doi: 10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-srw.9.
  15. K. Lybarger, A. Damani, M. Gunn, Ö. Uzuner, and M. Yetisgen. Extracting Radiological Findings With Normalized Anatomical Information Using a Span-Based BERT Relation Extraction Model. In AMIA Informatics Summit, 2022. PMID: 35854739. Student Paper Competition Finalist
  16. K. Lybarger, L. Mabrey, M. Thau, P. K. Bhatraju, M. Wurfel, and M. Yetisgen. Identifying ARDS using the Hierarchical Attention Network with Sentence Objectives Framework. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2021. PMID: 35308902.
  17. K. Lybarger, M. Yetisgen, and M. Ostendorf. Using neural multi-task Learning to extract substance abuse information from clinical notes. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, pages 1395-1404, 2018. PMID: 30815184.
  18. B. Aazhang, R. Abler, J. Allebach, L. Bost, J. Cavallaro, et al. Vertically Integrated Projects (VIP) programs: multidisciplinary projects with homes in any discipline. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, 2017. Available at https://www.asee.org/public/conferences/78/papers/19405/view.
  19. K. Lybarger, M. Ostendorf, and M. Yetisgen. Automatically detecting likely edits in clinical notes created using automatic speech recognition. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, pages 1186-1195, 2017. PMID: 29854187.
  20. D. Malcolm, K. Lybarger, and G. Randall. Advances in Wind Turbine Site Assessment. In AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, pages 456, 2011. doi: 10.2514/6.2011-456.

Under Review

  1. H. R. A. Elyazori, R. Abdulrazzaq, A. L. Mitchell, B. Nguyen, S. Sreedevi-Naresh, S. E. Krafsig, T. H. Rossi, J. Shah, L. H. Gerber, S. DeStefano, S. Sikdar, S. Acuña, and K. Lybarger. ACES: Anchored Coordination and Effective Semantics for Annotation in Ambiguous Domains. In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2026.
  2. M. M. Rahman, T. Rohde, R. Tripathi, K. Elkhalil, and K. Lybarger. ATTCK-R: Knowledge-Aware Long-Horizon Jailbreaking for Protected LLMs. In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2026.

Non-refereed Papers

  1. H. R. A. Elyazori, T. Thurman, K. Lybarger, and F. S. Taxman. Exploring Probation and Parole Records Using Natural Language Processing: A Case Study of Supervisory Condition Notes. Federal Probation, 87(3), 2023. link.
  2. K. Lybarger, O. J. Bear Don’t Walk IV, M. Yetisgen, and Ö. Uzuner. Advancements in extracting social determinants of health information from narrative text. Journal American Medical Informatics Association, 2023. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocad121.

Abstracts and Posters (21)
  1. R. Abdulrazzaq, H. R. A. Elyazori, S. Krafsig, A. Mitchell, B. Nguyen, T. Rossi, S. Sreedevi-naresh, S. Acuna, and K. Lybarger. Capturing the Lived Experiences of Individuals with Chronic Pain through Motivational Interviewing. In National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR), 2026. [poster]
  2. R. Abdulrazzaq, H. R. A. Elyazori, S. Krafsig, A. Mitchell, B. Nguyen, T. Rossi, S. Sreedevi-naresh, S. Acuna, and K. Lybarger. Extracting Biopsychosocial Insights from Motivational Interview Transcripts on Chronic Pain Using Natural Language Processing. In National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR), 2026. [poster]
  3. K. R. Resapu, F. Alemi, K. Lybarger, and V. F. Cardenas. Evaluating the Effectiveness of AI-Powered Antidepressant Recommendations Personalizing Depression Care. In American Public Health Association Annual Meeting & Expo, 2025.
  4. Q. Zhang, J. Kang, K. Lybarger, M. Glenn, P. Sponseller, K. Blau, and E. Ford. Semi-Automated Topic Identification for Radiation Oncology Safety Event Reports Using Natural Language Processing and Statistical Models. In Annual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology, 2025.
  5. R. Abdulrazzaq, H. Al Shawi, P. King, S. Manns, I. P. E. Amouzou, M. Popal, K. Lybarger, and S. Acuña. Capturing Lived Experiences of Chronic Pain through a Listening Experience Model. In National Conference on Undergraduate Research, 2025. link.
  6. Q. S. Zhang, J. Kang, K. Lybarger, M. C. Glenn, P. Sponseller, K. H. Blau, and E. Ford. Semi-Automated Topic Identification for Radiation Oncology Safety Event Reports Using Natural Language Processing and Statistical Modeling. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.07.1467.
  7. M. S. Irbaz, M. M. Rahman, K. Scafide, D. Lattanzi, J. Wojtusiak, and K. Lybarger. Optical Character Recognition for Information Extraction from Handwritten Assault and Violence Reports. In AMIA Symposium Workshop: Using Data Science and AI to Advance Violence and Injury Prevention, 2024. [poster]
  8. R. Abdulrazzaq, H. Al Shawi, P. King, S. Manns, I. P. E. Amouzou, M. Popal, K. Lybarger, and S. Acuña. Capturing Lived Experiences of Chronic Pain through a Listening Experience Model. In Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, 2024. [poster]
  9. M. M. Rahman, M. S. Irbaz, K. North, M. S. Williams, M. Zampieri, and K. Lybarger. Health Text Simplification: An Annotated Corpus for Digestive Cancer Education & Novel Strategies for Reinforcement Learning. In National Cancer Institute Junior Investigator Meeting, 2024. [poster]
  10. F. Alemi, K. Lybarger, N. Ramezani, V. F. Cardenas, and R. C. King. Removed Algorithm Bias in Selection of Antidepressants. In AI for Health Equity Symposium AIM-AHEAD Annual Meeting, 2024. [poster]
  11. A. Dmonte, M. Zampieri, K. Lybarger, and M. Albanese. Modeling Election-Related Claims in Social Media in the Age of LLMs. In Commonwealth Cyber Initiative (CCI) Symposium, 2024. link [poster]
  12. K. Lybarger, N. Park, S. Zhou, A. Damani, A. White, and J. K. Gill. A Corpus of Radiology Reports From Multiple Imaging Modalities With Fine-grained Event-based Annotations. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2022.
  13. A. Chakraborty, K. Lybarger, D. Long, V. N. O'Reilly-Shah, and M. Yetisgen. Automatic Detection of Surgical Site Infections Using EHR Data. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2021. [poster]
  14. K. Lybarger, E. Qiao, and M. Yetisgen. An exploration of information extraction models on transcribed patient visits. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2021. [poster]
  15. K. Lybarger, E. Chang, K. Kerker, J. Shen, E. Qiao, et al. A Novel Corpus With Detailed Annotations of Social Determinants of Health. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2020.
  16. K. Lybarger, N. Dobbins, M. Ostendorf, M. Thompson, and M. Yetisgen. Extracting COVID-19 Diagnoses and Symptoms from Clinical Text. In AMIA NLP Working Group, 2020.
  17. K. Lybarger, M. Ostendorf, Ö. Uzuner, and M. Yetisgen. Automatic Identification of Social Determinants of Health from Clinical Records. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2019.
  18. K. Lybarger. Extracting social behavioral factors from free-text clinical notes. In AMIA NLP Working Group, 2018.
  19. T. Payne, A. Markiel, D. Alonso, R. Lordon, K. Lybarger, et al. Improving electronic inpatient progress notes using voice: results from the VGEENS project. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2017.
  20. G. Randall, D. Malcolm, K. Lybarger, and M. Malkin. Quantifying uncertainty in turbine suitability assessments. In American Wind Energy Association WINDPOWER, 2010.
  21. D. Malcolm and K. Lybarger. Site suitability using generic wind turbine models. In American Wind Energy Association WINDPOWER, 2010.